Turabian
Citation and Format Style Guide
This guide introduces the Turabian format and provides examples of citation styles you might use in research papers. Additional examples and explanations may be found in Turabian's A Manual for Writers of Term Papers, Theses and Dissertations, Sixth Edition, revised by John Grossman and Alice Bennett (LB2369 .T8 1996), available in the circulating stacks and at the reference desk. The sixth edition of Turabian conforms to the fourteenth edition of The Chicago Manual of Style (Z253.U69 1993-Reference Desk).
Examples for Quick Reference
| N=footnote or endnote entry | PR=parenthetical reference entry |
| B=bibliographic list entry | RL=reference list entry |
Book:
N 1. Author first name Author last name, Title (Location of Press: Press
Name, Year Published), page number.
B 1. Author last name Author first name, Title Location of Press: Press
Name, Year Published.
PR (Author last name Year Published, page number)
RL Author last name, Author first name. Year Published. Title with only first word capitalized. Location of Press: Press Name.Journal Article:
N 37. Andrew Feffer, "Pragmatism, Feminism, and Democracy: Rethinking
the Politics of American History," Journal of American History 89 (March 2003):
1612.
B Feffer, Andrew. "Pragmatism, Feminism, and Democracy: Rethinking the
Politics of American History," Journal of American History 89 (March 2003)
1612-1615.
PR (Feffer 2003, 1613).
RL Feffer, Andrew. Pragmatism, feminism, and democracy: rethinking the politics of
American History. Journal of American History 89: 1612-1615.Website:
N 22. NAACP, "Legal Affairs," NAACP Online [home page on-line];
available from http://www.naacp.org/programs/legal.html; Internet; accessed 3
May 1999.
B NAACP. "Legal Affairs," NAACP Online. Home page on-line. Available from
http://www.naacp.org/programs/legal.html; Internet; accessed 3 May 1999.
PR (NAACP 1999)
RL NAACP. 1999. "Legal Affairs," NAACP online. Home page on-line. Available
from http://www.naacp.org/programs/legal.html; Internet.
*NOTE: these are examples of citations that are most frequently used; however, Turabian contains many different conditions and nuances for citations. It also prescribes two sanctioned citation methods: footnote/endnote/Bibliography, and parenthetical reference/Reference List. Be sure to chose one method and be consistent throughout your paper. If your citation does not fit the examples below (i.e. encyclopedia, magazine, etc.), see the more extensive Turabian Guide or consult the Turabian manual.
Paper Format and Reference List
The academic paper generally consists of three parts: (1) the front matter (title page, copyright page, dedication and/or epigraph, table of contents, lists of illustrations or tables, acknowledgements, abstract, etc.); (2) the text; and (3) the back or reference matter (appendixes, endnotes, bibliography/Reference List).
Turabian's manual spells out rules and conventions for chapter headings and subheadings, abbreviations, the use of numbers in text, alphabetizing non-English names, designations of tables, etc., there is simply no substitute for consulting the manual directly for advice on these issues.
Turabian style allows for two different citation formats: parenthetical format and footnote/endnote format. Each format corresponds with a different type reference matter.
Parenthetical format --> Reference List
Footnote/endnote format --> Bibliography
Both a Reference List and a Bibliography should be arranged alphabetically by author, single spaced, with one blank line between entries. The principle differences in entry format between these two lists are illustrated above in the "Quick Reference" section; note the differences between "B" and "RL" for each type of source.
