Chronology Through 1689
Russian History
860 | Askold & Dir clear the Dnepr and attack Constantinople |
THE RURIKOV DYNASTY 862-1613 | |
862 | Summoning of Rurik to Novgorod |
862-879? | RURIK (Hrorekr) |
879-913 | OLEG (Helgi) |
907 | Oleg's expedition against Constantinople |
911 | Oleg's treaty with the Byzantine Empire |
913-945 | IGOR (Ingvar) |
941 | Expedition of Igor against Constantinople |
945 | Igor's treaty with Byzantine Empire |
945-962 | OLGA (Helga) |
957 | Olga baptized in Constantinople |
962-972 | SVIATOSLAV |
965-967 | Sviatoslav conquers the Khazar cities of Sarkel and Itil |
980-1015 | ST. VLADIMIR |
988 | Baptism of Vladimir and conversion of Russia to Christianity (but pagan beliefs continue among folk) |
11th century | First birch-bark documents Novgorod streets paved with lumber (first in Paris pavement, 1184) Wooden water pipes laid in Novgorod |
1016 | Russian-Byzantine force destroys Georgius Tzul's Khazaria |
1019-1054 | |
1030 | Yaroslav starts first school in Novgorod |
1037 | Saint Sofia Cathedral begun in Kiev |
1045-1057 | Building of Saint Sofia in Novgorod |
1051 | The cave at Peshchersk Lavra settled by Antonius of Chernigov |
1054 | Schism between Eastern and Western Catholicism |
1054-1073 | Russkaia Pravda, first Russian law, written |
1092?-1125 | |
1095 | First election of prince in Novgorod |
1116 | Primary Chronicle composed |
1125-1157 | YURI DOLGORUKI (founder of Moscow) |
1125-1200 | Second version of Russkaia Pravda |
1147 | Moscow founded by Yuri Dolgoruki (English) |
1156 | First Kremlin built in Moscow |
1157-1176 | |
1167 | Sadko builds a church in Novgorod |
1169 | Sack of Kiev by Andrei Bogoliubsky, prince of Vladimir-Suzdal' |
1176-1212 | VSEVOLOD BIG NEST |
1185 | Igor Sviatoslavovich of Seversk marches against the Polovetsians |
1195 | First Novgorod treaty with German towns and Gotland |
1196 | Novgorod granted right to select prince |
1204 | 4th Crusade captures Constantinople; Latin Empire rules until 1261 |
1212-1237 | YURI II |
1223 | First Mongol invasion; Russians defeated on the Kalka |
1227 | Death of Genghis Khan |
1237-1242 | Mongol conquest of Russia |
1237-1246 | YAROSLAV II |
THE APPANAGE PERIOD, 1240-1480 | |
1240 | Victory of Alexander Nevsky over Swedes on the Neva |
1242 | Battle on the Ice: Nevsky's victory over the Teutonic Knights on Lake Peipus |
1253 | Founding of Sarai as capital of the Golden Horde |
1270 | Novgorod treaty with the Hansa |
1275 | Population of Russia about ten million |
1294 | First Russian icon which is dated and signed (Novgorod) |
1300 | Metropolitan of Kiev settles at Vladimir |
1326 | Final establishment of Metropolitan in Moscow |
1337 | Foundation of Trinity Monastery in Sergiev Posad |
1328-1340 | IVAN I MONEY-BAGS (Kalita) |
1340-1353 | SIMEON THE PROUD |
1348 | Pskov secures independence from Novgorod Swedish King Magnus marches against Novgorod |
1353-1359 | IVAN II THE MEEK |
1359-1389 | DMITRI DONSKOI |
1360 | Andrei Rublev born (probably) |
1362 | Kiev taken by Grand Duke of Lithuania, Olgerd |
1367-1368 | First stone fortifications of Moscow Kremlin |
1371-1375 | Heresy of Strigol'niks (Shearers) in Novgorod |
1378 | Feofan the Greek paints first frescoes in Novgorod |
1380 | Victory of Dmitri Donskoi over the Tatars at Kulikovo Field |
1382 | Moscow burnt by Tokhtamysh |
1389-1425 | VASSILY I |
1390-1430 | Active life of icon painter Andrei Rublev |
1395 | Defeat of the Golden Horde by Tamerlane |
1425-1462 | VASSILY II THE DARK |
1430-1466 | Disintegration of Golden Horde |
1436 | Foundation of Solovetsky Monastery |
1439 | Council of Florence Reunion of eastern and western churches |
1441 | Metropolitan Isidore deposed for accepting Council of Florence |
1448 | Church of Russia declared autocephalous |
1453 | Capture of Constantinople by the Ottomans |
1462-1505 | IVAN III THE GREAT |
1471 | Campaign of Ivan III against Novgorod Charter of the city of Novgorod |
1472 | Marriage of Ivan III with Zoe (Sophia), niece of last Byzantine Emperor |
1475-1478 | Cathedral of Assumption in Kremlin built by Fieravanti |
1476-1478 | Visit to Moscow of Ambrosio Contarini, first foreigner to write about Moscow |
1478 | Incoporation of Novgorod into Muscovy |
1480 | Unsuccessful campaign of Golden Horde against Ivan III |
1480 | END OF MUSCOVITE DEPENDENCY ON MONGOLS |
1481-1502 | Active career of icon and fresco painter Dionysius |
1485 | Cathedral of Annunciation built by masons from Pskov |
1485-1516 | Building of the new Kremlin in Moscow |
1487-1491 | Palace of Facets built by Marco Ruffo & Pietro Antonio Solari. |
1488 | Uprising in Novgorod |
1494 | End of the Hansa in Novgorod |
1497 | Sudebnik: Law code of Ivan III |
1503 | Church Council: Victory of the Josephites over the nonposessors Heresy of Judaizers condemned |
1505-1533 | VASSILY III |
1505-1509 | Cathedral of Archangel Michael built by Alevisio Nuovi of Milan |
1510 | Incoporation of Pskov into Muscovy |
1517-1519 | Printing of first books in Russian in Prague |
1524 | Novodevichy Convent founded by Vasilli III |
1525 | Maxim the Greek condemned by the Church Council |
1529-1560 | Construction of churches at Dyakovo, Ostrovo and Kolomenskoe |
1533-1538 | REGENCY OF YELENA GLINSKAYA 1533-1538 |
1538-1547 | PERIOD OF DISPUTED REGENCY (BELSKYS AND SHUISKYS) |
1547-1584 | |
1547 | Twenty-two Russian saints canonized Novgorod and Pskov icon painters ordered to Moscow after great fire |
1550-1555 | Construction of the Cathedral of St. Basil the Blessed celebrating the capture of Asktrakhan (1556) |
1550-1700 | 134 books translated into Russian |
1551 | Council of the Hundred Chapters (Stoglav) |
1552 | Capture of Kazan |
1553 | Opening of the White Sea route by Willoghby and Chancellor |
1555 | Granting of charter to The Russia Company (England) |
1556 | Asktrakhan defeated |
1558 | Stroganovs granted land on Kama River |
1558-1583 | Livonian war against Poland and Sweden, for possession of Baltic |
1560's | Edition of Domostroi, a book of principles of family life |
1564 | First book printed in Moscow Kurbsky flees to Lithuania |
1565-1572 | Ivan the Terrible's reign of terror: the oprichnina |
1566 | First Zemskii Sobor (Consultative Land Assembly) |
1570 | Ivan the Terrible's pogrom in Novgorod |
1571 | Crimean Tartars burn Moscow |
1571-1600 | Fortification of southern frontier Beginning of Don, Zaporozhian, and Ural Cossacks |
1580's | Boris Godunov sends 18 Russians to study abroad (none return) |
1582 | Yermak and the beginning of the conquest of Siberia Privilege of St. George's Day (Iur'ev Den'), November 26, abolished |
1584-1598 | FEDOR I |
1585 | Foundation of Archangelsk |
THE TIME OF TROUBLES, 1598-1613 | |
1598-1605 | BORIS GODUNOV Lord Protector |
1588 | Giles Fletcher in Moscow |
1589 | Creation of Moscow Patriarchate |
1590's | Rostov becomes the seat of Metropolitan |
1591 | Dmitri tsarevich killed in Uglich |
1601-1603 | Famine Erection of the bell tower of Ivan the Great |
1606-1607 | Revolt of Bolotnikov |
1610-1612 | Poles occupy Moscow |
1612-1613 | Minin and Pozharsky lead popular militia against Poles in Moscow |
1611-1617 | Swedes occupy Novgorod |
THE ROMANOV DYNASTY, 1613-1917 | |
1613 | Election of Michael Romanov as tsar by Zemskii Sobor |
1613-1645 | |
1618 | Peace with Sweden Loss of any outlet to Baltic |
1634-1638 | Two visits of Adam Olearius to Moscow |
1636 | Patriarch orders all musical instruments burned |
1645-1676 | ALEXIS MIKHAILOVICH ROMANOV |
1648-1649 | Up-risings in Moscow and other towns |
1649 | Ulozhenie: Law Code of Tsar Alexis Abolition of English trading privileges |
1650's | Moscow population about 200,000 |
1650 | Patriarch standardizes the five-domed church |
1652 | Foreigners in Moscow required to live in Nemetskaia Sloboda |
1653 | Last full meeting of Zemskii Sobor |
1654 | Church Council adopts Nikon's reforms |
1654 | BEGINNING OF THE SCHISM (Raskol) Union of Ukraine with Muscovy |
1660's | Moscow linked with Amsterdam and Berlin by regular postal service |
1664 | Grigorii Kotoshikhin flees to Sweden |
1666 | Church Council deposes Patriarch Nikon |
1667 | Cession to Moscovy of Kiev, Little Russia, and Smolensk |
1670-1671 | Revolt of Stenka Razin |
1671 | Avvakum writes his Life in prison |
1672 | Russian embassies sent to all major European states |
1672 | Artakserova deistva, first play given at Moscow court |
1674 | Synopsis, first textbook of Russian history, appears |
1676 | Theater opens at Preobrazhenskoe |
1676-1682 | FEDOR III ROMANOV |
1682 | Peter assumes throne, with Sophia as regent |
1684 | Sophia institutes formal persecution of Old Believers by decree |
1689 | Treaty of Nerchinsk with China |
